{"id":339,"date":"2019-04-24T23:41:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-24T22:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.dtc.ninja\/wp\/?p=339"},"modified":"2019-04-24T23:41:58","modified_gmt":"2019-04-24T22:41:58","slug":"get-host-name","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.dtc.ninja\/wp\/2019\/04\/24\/get-host-name\/","title":{"rendered":"DNS, and how to Get (your) Host By Name"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Trying to resolve a internet host name, and seeing different responses depending on how you do the lookup? \u00c2\u00a0DNS messing with your head? \u00c2\u00a0Maybe this will help \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h1>The Problem<\/h1>\n<p>There are multiple ways to\u00c2\u00a0get to a server&#8230;\u00c2\u00a0using the IP address is one way, but the more popular (and more useful) is using the hostname (or more specifically &#8220;FQDN&#8221; &#8211; the Fully Qualified Domain Name).<\/p>\n<p>Domain Name Services (DNS) is the service that provides the lookup capability, matching a FQDN (eg. host.name.com) to its IP address (eg. 107.162.140.96 &#8230; yes, it turns out whatI thought was a made-up FQDN actually resolves!).<\/p>\n<p>But &#8211; sometimes, you don&#8217;t want to use DNS, and yet you want to be able to resolve a\u00c2\u00a0FQDN, perhaps you want to &#8220;override&#8221; a valid, DNS resolvable, FQDN with a different entry.<\/p>\n<p>Good news, there is a way to do this!<\/p>\n<h1>gethostbyname<\/h1>\n<p>There is a way around using DNS to resolve the address(es) &#8211; this is by making an update to the system&#8217;s host file:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Linux<\/b> = \/etc\/hosts<\/li>\n<li><b>Windows<\/b> = C:\\Windows\\System32\\Drivers\\etc\\hosts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This works because the operating system call <em>gethostbyname<\/em> uses a resolver process the first looks for entries in the local hosts file, followed by DNS (if there is no corresponding entry in the hosts file) ***<\/p>\n<h1>Observing the changes in behaviour<\/h1>\n<p>There are 2 ways to see the difference behaviour:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b>telnet<\/b> host.name.com 443<\/li>\n<li><b>nslookup<\/b> host.name.com<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There is an expected difference in response between the 2 commands:<\/p>\n<p>In #1, we are explicitly invoking the telnet process &#8211; to initiate a connection to the device with FQDN of host.name.com on TCP port 443.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>The application process, telnet, defaults the gethostbyname mechanism for resolving the IP address of host.name.com &#8211; per above it will check the local hosts file first, and if that fails will attempt a lookup using DNS<\/p>\n<p>In #2, we are doing something specifically different. We are invoking the nslookup process &#8211; but the defined purpose of this application is to lookup up query Internet DNS servers interactively.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>As such &#8211; it does not follow the gethostbyname system call, and instead goes directly to DNS<\/p>\n<h1>This is a Good Thing (TM)<\/h1>\n<p>While the behaviours are different, they are different\u00c2\u00a0<em>by design<\/em>, and this is most definitely a Good Thing (TM)<\/p>\n<h1>Real-World Example:<\/h1>\n<h2>OK, but why?<\/h2>\n<p>Why take you through this journey?<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 Recently I had a\u00c2\u00a0<\/span>colleague describe to me a\u00c2\u00a0problem\u00c2\u00a0caused by the (failed)\u00c2\u00a0name resolution of an internet facing service -\u00c2\u00a0using\u00c2\u00a0their\u00c2\u00a0default DNS servers.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>Making host file changes, as I documented in our corporate\u00c2\u00a0Wiki, will allow them\u00c2\u00a0to work around this problem.<\/p>\n<h2>Is there more?<\/h2>\n<p>Which brings us back to network connectivity.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 In this particular use-case, the<\/span>\u00c2\u00a0server MUST be able to connect to the internet-facing service\u00c2\u00a0on TCP port 443.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 They<\/span>\u00c2\u00a0can test this connectivity manually using a &#8220;telnet test&#8221; from their\u00c2\u00a0server to the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of the internet-facing service.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>If this does not work, they\u00c2\u00a0should do a telnet test to the IP(s) of the internet-facing service (having done the DNS lookup manually first).<\/p>\n<p>If both these telnet tests fail, it indicates that their\u00c2\u00a0server does not have direct access to the internet-facing service.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0\u00c2\u00a0<\/span>In this happens, they\u00c2\u00a0have one of 3 options:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Review the network routing configuration for your server, use static routes to force traffic via a specific interface that does have access *****<\/li>\n<li>Open up the firewall rules to permit the outbound traffic<\/li>\n<li>Use a proxy server to make the connection, and then configure their\u00c2\u00a0server to use the proxy server<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>***** They had\u00c2\u00a0mentioned to me that\u00c2\u00a0their\u00c2\u00a0servers have multiple interfaces.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>It could be that their\u00c2\u00a0traffic needs to go via a different interface.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>If this is the case, then they\u00c2\u00a0can use <em>traceroute<\/em> (or <em>tracert<\/em> for Windows servers) to determine what interface is used by default.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00c2\u00a0 <\/span>If a change is needed then adding a (permanent) static route for each of the IPs to go via the non-default interface will force the change in traffic behaviour<\/p>\n<p>*** Technically, this behavior can be modified &#8211; but is an explicit step and I&#8217;d class as &#8220;unusual\/non-standard&#8221;<\/p>\n<h1>In conclusion<\/h1>\n<p>DNS is awesome, but sometimes you need to play around with things and have a way to bypass. \u00c2\u00a0hopefully the above content, and example, has given a little insight into why different services behave in different ways, and why this is a Good Thing (TM)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trying to resolve a internet host name, and seeing different responses depending on how you do the lookup? \u00c2\u00a0DNS messing with your head? \u00c2\u00a0Maybe this will help \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[118],"tags":[119,120,113],"class_list":["post-339","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-system-administration","tag-dns","tag-gethostbyname","tag-sysadmin"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DNS, and how to Get (your) Host By Name - Digging Through Chaos<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trying to resolve a internet host name, and seeing different responses depending on how you do the lookup? 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